AtT Business Analysis - 2444 Words

Table of Contents Executive Summary Question 1 Ââ€" Analyse the strategic position of ATT in 1994 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Strategic position of ATT in 1994 1.3 Current situation analysis 1.3.1 Internal environment (SWOT, TOWS) 1.3.2 External environment (PEST) 1.3.3 Competitive environment (Porters five forces, diamond, value chain, and BCG Matrix) 1.4 Financial analysis 1.5 Conclusion Question 2 Ââ€" Identify and evaluate the strategic options facing ATT in 1994 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The architecture of strategy as applied to ATT 2.3 Hierarchy of strategic intent 2.4 Growth strategy 2.5 Strategic partnering Ââ€" Joint ventures 2.6 Strategic options 2.7 Conclusion Question 3 Ââ€" Consequences for the global†¦show more content†¦For most of its history, Ma Bell (ATT) functioned as a legally sanctioned and regulated monopoly. When ATT entered the global arena, the dynamics of classical competition changed and ATT had to reshape and change their strategy to meet the new challenges of a global economy. 1.2 Strategic position of ATT in 1994 After the divestiture of 1984 Ââ€" 1988, CEO Robert (Bob) E. Allen started to rationalise the business. He broke up the giant functional organisation into 21 manageable business units to help drive responsibilities and accountability. Up to 1994 Allen reorganised ATT s crown jewel to be its core telecommuncations network and his strategy was to focus ATT s expansion only on the areas which enhanced this core. Allen explained, Everything we are doing is designed to put more traffic on our network, to enhance the value of our network. With increasing competition, convergence of industries, deregulation and international trust laws, Allen soon realised that this strategy had to change. The BU structure and strategy of 1989, did not match the business needs for 1994 and the new millennium . A thorough analysis to reshape ATT s strategy was executed and this report contains its recommendations 1.3 Current situation analysis 1.3.1 Internal environment (SWOT, TOWS) The SWOT analysis (Appendix 1) revealed internal positive and negative attributes of the organisation, while the TOWSShow MoreRelated ATT Business Analysis Essay5151 Words   |  21 PagesATT Business Analysis Executive Summary The world is experiencing a communications revolution. The Internet, e-Commerce and other developments (including the convergence of communication technologies) are profoundly reshaping economic and social life. ATT must position itself to meet the challenge of this revolution. The strategic development of information-based industries is a key to the future social and economic development of the world. The telecommunications industry is of vitalRead MoreBusiness Analysis: ATT Essay1958 Words   |  8 Pagesconsidered when developing policies that affect the ability of employees to adhere to reasonable rules. Some philosophies that are used are the philosophies of business, management, human resources, and ethics. The ethics philophies lets the management incorporate the moral issues within their policies thus creating a belief in the employee for the business or corporation. The employee beliefs that the rules and regulations are for the well being of the company and its staff, for the wellbeing of everyoneRead MoreUse S. M. A. R. T Goal Setting For Laundry Business Analysis786 Words   |  4 PagesNews Paper Article Use S.M.A.R.T Goal Setting for Laundry Business Growth This intriguing article referenced the Linen Management industry and particular objective that an organization must consider for development. At the point when a company acquires the extraordinary traits of S.M.A.R.T goal, they can gauge, track and measure progress concentrating attention on work designs and a sense of duty regarding the execution of target. Notwithstanding, due to the significant and reasonable standardRead MoreBlackmores1291 Words   |  6 PagesAustralian School of Business ACCT5910 Business Analysis and Valuation Lesson Plan †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Dot Com case study Why do we need to undertake strategy analysis? Industry I d t analysis l i Competitive strategy analysis Corporate strategy analysis SWOT analysis Australian School of Business B i Class 2: Strategy Analysis gy y Dot Com – NASDQ index from 1 Jan 1996-30 Dec 2002 School of Business B i Australian A. Why Strategy Analysis †¢ †¢ Strategy drives the actions of an organisationRead MoreBlue Moon s New Business Strategy1036 Words   |  5 Pages Blue Moon’s new MAS Business Report Blue Moon’s new MAS Business Report ZiXiao Yuan 3536594 ACCT-1014-AUSCY-S2-SMR01/06 Table of Contents Executive summary 1 Introduction 2 Blue Moon’s new Business Strategy 3 Business Mission 3 Competitive Advantage 3 KSF’s for Blue Moon 4 Tools and techniques use for MAS 5 Conclusion 7 Referencing 7 Executive summary The purpose of this report is discuss how to design Blue Moon’s new management accounting systemRead MoreFinancial Statements Leading You Down A Disastrous Path1127 Words   |  5 PagesPath (And You Don t Even Realize It)? If 75% of the value of your business in NOT reflected on your financial statements, how valid is the analysis that the accountant gave you? After 30 years of being a CPA and preparing, reviewing, auditing, evaluating, analyzing and comparing financial statements, the sad truth is this: TRADITIONAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CAN OFTEN MISLEAD YOU AND THEY CAN TAKE YOU DOWN A DISASTROUS PATH. The problem is that business owners often don t realize the limitationsRead MoreSwot Analysis Of At T1243 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to perform a brief SWOT analysis of ATT, Inc. This analysis will assess some of the strengths and weaknesses in the organizations internal environment and also the opportunities and threats in its external environment. SWOT Analysis of ATT ATT, Inc. provides telecommunication services and products, including wireless communications, local exchange services, long-distance services, data/broadband and Internet services, video services, telecommunications equipment,Read MoreManagement Skills And Acute Commercial Instinct845 Words   |  4 Pagesdeliver outstanding results. With strong project management skills and acute commercial instinct, I can be relied upon to coordinate all tasks from inception through to successful completion. I can be entrusted to facilitate efficient operations and business continuity in accordance with strategic goals. Confident, affable and energetic with exceptional interpersonal and communication skills I have a talent for motivating and leading others to perform cohesively and productively. I am intelligent withRead MoreAtt Swot Analysis Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesATamp;T Wireless: Business Analysis ATamp;T has been a growing company for more than a century. Their mission is to connect people with their world; everywhere they live and work, and do it better than anyone else (ATamp;T website). Careful analysis of the organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats will provide a forecast of the likeliness of the company living up to their mission. Looking at the organizations past and current performance it would be difficult to say ifRead MoreAnalyzing Market Trends And Developments Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pagessometimeskub@hotmail.com To: ling@barklycollege.com Subject: Analysing the market report for TEE company Dear Ling, Here is the marketing analysis report of T-House company according to BSBMKG507 Interpret Market Trends and development. The full report is attached. Please reply me with feedback about the report. Kind regards, Sanchai N. Assessment Task 2: Project – Market analysis Introduction T-House company is selling chestnut imported from China under Australian brand. The company is now distributing chestnuts

Technology Has A Good Or Bad Effect On Learning Today

Do you think that technology has a good or bad effect on learning today? The authors Clive Thompson, David Gelernter, Emily Yoffe, Nicholas A. Christakis, and James H. Fowler; all have different views on how technology s effects on today’s generation. Clive Thompson thinks technology helps students a lot in this day and age. David Gelernter thinks Computers cannot teach and should not be used for teaching roles. Emily Yoffe Thinks that technology has a major effect on our mind, and school. Nicholas A. Christakis, and James H. Fowler think that technology is helping today s student’s talk with more people around the world, and learn from others. This synthesis paper will talk about the effects of technology on writing. First is the effort of technology on our mind. Secondly is the positives about technology in writing. Third and final body paragraph is about the negative technology gives to our writing ability. The technology of today has many effects on our minds. Many authors agree and disagree if they are good or bad effects. Clive Thompson says in â€Å"The New Literacy† technology has made students’ minds more of their audience they are writing to. Thompson says technology has made students minds more aware of their audience they are writing to. Thompson writes â€Å"Students today almost always write for an audience gives them a different sense of what constitutes good writing† (pg. 585, para 7). This generation is a social media generation. Student’s today text, or post allShow MoreRelatedTechnology Is A Major Part Of Today s Society972 Words   |  4 PagesOver the past decades, technology has become a major part of today s society. Some argue that technology is one of the greatest resources high school classrooms might have. Others argue the opposite.The problem is that the people that argue this do not know that this could actually benefit students le arning. People only predict the bad outcomes technology might bring, but they never predict the good outcomes of technology might bring. If technology is used only when there is someone supervisingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Digital Technology829 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"If we teach today as we taught yesterday, we rob our children of tomorrow.† - John Dewey Digital technology has undeniably been integrated as a key module of modern society. From the ancient Stone Age to the Industrial Era of the 19th century to the invention of the television in 1927, humans have thought of ways to simplify tasks and ultimately, their lives. Now, in the 21st century, computers have been developing at incredible rates. Game-changing gadgets come out every year and at such affordableRead MoreAnalysis of Two Articles: Is Technology Good or Bad?1214 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology At Its Finest: Is it Good or Bad? Over this past decade or so, people all around the globe have been granted with greater advancements in technology. From cellphones we can talk to, to 3-Dimensional televisions, we are able to pretty much do anything thanks to these high-tech products. But, should we really be grateful for these easy-to-use devices, or are they taking over the lives of millions? In the articles written by Michael Malone and Daniel Burrus, we receive an inside lookRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagescoming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined the lives of youth. In my opinion it has made us smarter but the moreRead MoreThe Four Negative Effects of Society by Alice Martin Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology: The Biggest, Baddest Monster Under the Bed As our innovative world is rapidly moving into the future, technology is being invented and innovated at every turn. This technology ranges from top-notch video game systems to microscopic robots made to perform internal surgery. Although these impressive technological improvements were recently made, they are not entirely beneficial because this technology damages our social and learning skills, while also damaging us as humans. ​People acrossRead MoreCritical Review Of Analytical Frameworks1624 Words   |  7 Pageshow one should go about analyzing this data. The aim of this paper is to offer a critical review of analytical frameworks applied to how one language autobiography can say a lot about one person’s past experiences and shapes them into who they are today. I will discuss the dialect, both geographical environment and social factors, and associates within through developing, using and changing an idiolect which constitutes part of a persona and self-identity of these frameworks in relation to the typeRead MoreCritical Review Of Analytical Frameworks1625 Words   |  7 Pageshow one should go about analyzing this data. The aim of this paper is to offer a critical review of analytical frameworks applied to how one language autobiography can say a lot about one person’s past experiences and shapes them into who they are today. I will discuss the dialect, both geographical envir onment and social factors, and associates within through developing, using and changing an idiolect which constitutes part of a persona and self-identity of these frameworks in relation to the typeRead MoreTechnology and Us According to Nicholas Carr743 Words   |  3 Pagesstruggle now with long passages because there attention span cant keep up. This has lead to the invention popular websites like twitter, where the max amount of characters is a 140 for a tweet. Also apps like snapchat, a picture with only one line of words, Nicholas Carr is right about us losing our focus, its happening to everyone who uses the internet. Another good point from Daniel Goleman is that the children of today are addicted to machines. In machines he means phones, tablets, computers etcRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesalong each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry (Oxford). There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined the lives of youth. In my opinion it has made us smarter but theRead MoreTechnology And Technology Essay790 Words   |  4 Pages Technology has been around forever, so it seems. People all around the world can be found with some form of smart device in their hand. Since the development of smart phones and video games a controv ersy has arisen. Technology has led to many wonderful advancement of the modern age and is benefiting people everywhere, but is it really that great? Technology has a negative effect on children and adolescents. Technology is having a negative impact on the way children are learning in schools today

The South Africa Overview Economics Essay Free Essays

string(92) " tons of South African coal in February, doing it the largest buyer of coal from the state\." The authorities of South Africa is a Republic and the overall population is 50 million. The service sector is the major sector in South Africa with 65 part in the state ‘s GDP. The major import beginnings associated with South Africa are China, Germany, USA and Japan and the major export market are China, USA, Japan and Germany. We will write a custom essay sample on The South Africa Overview Economics Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Main beginnings of foreign exchange of South Africa Platinum ( 14 % ) , gold ( 8 % ) , coal ( 5.5 % ) , autos ( 3.5 % ) Main disbursals of foreign exchange Petrochemicals ( 12 % ) , auto constituents ( 10 % ) , crude oil ( 4 % ) Energy state of affairs South Africa has a big coal and mineral ( Pt, manganese, chrome, gold, U ) militias. Despite a well-developed man-made fuel production, 90 % of oil has to be imported. South Africa and the World South Africa is ranked 31st harmonizing to GDP and 129th harmonizing to Human Development Index and the major sectors are Agriculture, Technology, Textiles and Chemicals harmonizing to diary by Thomas White- Global Investing Co. POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE Political state of affairs: Reasonably stable Head of state/government: President Jacob Zuma ( since May 2009 ) South Africa runs by a democratically elected parliament and the major resistance portion there is Democratic Alliance. National Assembly and National Council of Provinces are the two chief parliaments with National Assembly being the more powerful and responsible.BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT South Africa was ranked 34 harmonizing to World Bank in 2010 and 2nd on the African continent. Restrictions to make concern in South Africa are really limited and the market is besides really crystalline. South Africa ‘s concern substructure is good established with good rail, route and airdrome substructure, advanced IT systems and good communicating web. The state is unfastened to foreign direct investing with both corporate concern and private persons. PROPERTY OWNERSHIP AND TAXATION The statute law which mentioned that foreign companies may non be able to borrow more than tierce of the purchase monetary value of any belongings if the company ‘s major stockholders are registered outside of South Africa, is no longer applicable. The new statute law effected from 1st January 2011. There are no limitations on ownership of commercial belongingss. However, the statute law for private persons purchasing belongings in South Africa remains the same and non-residents can merely measure up for a place loan of up to 50 % of the value of the belongings Trade GROUP MEMBER World Trade Organization ( WTO ) : South Africa is a member of the World Trade Organization. Southern African Customs Union ( SACU ) : South Africa has been a member of the Southern African Customs Union and the members of SACU include Namibia, Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho. The understanding footings of SACU province that members use the South African duty as the common external duty and goods are traded free of responsibilities and quotas between member provinces Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) : -South Africa has besides been a member of the Southern African Development Community and the members include Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. SADC has committed itself to the creative activity of a free trade country ( FTA ) by subscribing a protocol on trade at SADC Summit in 1996. BILATERAL Trade Agreements: South Africa has bilateral trade understandings with the undermentioned states or groups of states: Nyasaland: A bilateral understanding between South Africa and Malawi, provided the discriminatory rates of responsibility, discounts and ordinances on certain goods traded between the two states. Due to the understanding signed between them, goods that belonged to Malawian beginning can easy come in South Africa duty-free. The goods of South Africa that enters Malawi, receive the most-favored-nation rate of responsibility. Rhodesia: A bilateral understanding between South Africa and Zimbabwe provided for discriminatory rates of responsibility, discounts and quotas on certain goods traded between them and some new footings were added to it in the twelvemonth 1996. The footings included decreased duties and quota degrees on fabric imports into South Africa. The farther possibility of the understanding is that, the extension would be to other sectors such as agricultural. Mocambique: The bilateral understanding between the two of them have been chiefly for modulating mine labour, railroad and port affairs, and trade. The understanding has non been a really utile one and hence a really few figure of Mozambian goods receive duty penchant from South Africa. Citations: South Africa provides for protection for points that are listed on the endangered species list. It ‘s a party to Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ( CITES ) . European Union: -The European Union and South Africa signed a Free Trade Agreement ( FTA ) in 1999. The understanding will be phased in over a 10 to twelve twelvemonth period and will basically liberalise 86 % of South Africa ‘s imports from the EU and approximately 95 % of EU imports from South Africa. The overall understanding meets WTO demands of 90 % coverage. Document Requirement The paperss required in importing are a commercial bill, measure of cargo, insurance paperss and packing list. IMPORT DUTIES The import responsibility rates rangeA from zero to 30 % with a few exclusions, vesture industry, fabrics industry and motor industry merchandises. Import TAXES Value added revenue enhancement ( VAT ) The ratings of imported goods for VAT is based on the f.o.b value plus 14 % of the value already considered with extra imposts responsibility. South Africa Import Prohibitions The merchandises which are prohibited for import in South Africa are drugs and narcotics, adult or obnoxious stuffs, workss, seeds, bulbs, natural cotton, uncooked meat/poultry, beeswax, honey, bees and their larvae or eggs, used beehive contraptions, , ammo, dry ice, furniture, unwrought gold, untrimmed diamonds, pelts. INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA Due to the bilateral dealingss between theA Republic of IndiaA and theA Republic of South Africa strong strategic, cultural and economic ties have been there since the terminal ofA apartheidA in South Africa in 1994. India and South Africa besides portion an extended energy partnership. In 2010, India imported 1.4 million metric tons of South African coal in February, doing it the largest buyer of coal from the state. You read "The South Africa Overview Economics Essay" in category "Essay examples" Background There is a major residentA IndianA community in South Africa.A Mohandas Karamchand GandhiA had commenced his political-legal calling in South Africa in the 1890s and 1900s, experimenting withA civil noncompliance, to better the quality of life of the Indians life at that place. During theA 2003 Cricket World CupA a statue of him was unveiled inA PietermaritzburgA byA Sourav Ganguly, the captain of theA Indian national cricket squad. Development of bilateral dealingss In 1994 both states established diplomatic dealingss after the terminal of apartheid. Indian authorities awarded South African leaderA Nelson MandelaA theA Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize. Both states have besides promoted featuring ties, with theA Indian national cricket teamA and theA South Africa national cricket teamA often interchanging visits and take parting in cricket tourneies hosted by either state. Economic ties In 2005-06 the Bilateral tradeA grew exponentially fromA USDA 3 million in 1992-93 to USD 4 billion, and the two authoritiess have targeted increasing bilateral trade to USD 12 billion by 2010.A Gold bullionA constitute tierce of India ‘s imports from South Africa, while India glosss and processesA diamondsA from South African mines.A South Africa has promoted subscribing aA free trade agreementA with India and theA Southern Africa Customs UnionA ( SACU ) , which includesA Botswana, A Lesotho, A NamibiaA andA SwazilandA along with South Africa. Bharti AirtelA was scheduled to acquireA MTNA to do one of the universe ‘s largest telecommunications companies, and besides touted as measure inA South-South cooperation. The South African authorities ofA Jacob Zuma, nevertheless rejected trade on the evidences that MTN would non be as South African any longer amid concerns of dual-listing on the Indian and South African stock exchanges. Military ties Military cooperation, trading weaponries and joint exercisings and plans to develop forces have been developed by India and South Africa. IBSA ( India, Brazil, South Africa ) India and South Africa signed an understanding withA Brazil, known as the Brasilia Declaration On June 6, 2003. The declaration called for extended three-party cooperation on strategic, cultural and commercial affairs.A A The three states have besides expanded military cooperation and conducted joint naval exercisings in 2008. India and South Africa Exploring Trade Agreement The trade between two states continues to see strong growing as on Aug. 31 – India and South Africa are looking into subscribing a comprehensive bilateral trade understanding. India ‘s Commerce and Industry Minister Anand Sharma said â€Å" We are traveling to analyze a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement between India and South Africa, as the state is a strategic spouse, † while at the â€Å" India Show † in Johannesburg. Bilateral trade between the two has been increasing steadily over the last few old ages, with trade figures lifting from US $ 7.5 billion in the 2008-2009 financial twelvemonth to US $ 7.9 billion over 2009-2010. Both states agreed to seek and hit the US $ 10 billion milepost by 2011-2012 While South African President Jacob Zuma was in New Delhi this past June, but that may hold underestimated the trade potency between the two states as bilateral trade has already reached US $ 2.7 billion through the first one-fourth. Sharma said â€Å" It ( the US $ 10 billion trade mark ) is good below possible. I think it is accomplishable by 2011. Then we can look at higher rates † . â€Å" The chances are illimitable. South African corporations are coming to India with optimism. † Sharma besides said that he hopes to wrap up a limited free trade understanding between India and the Southern African Customs Union ( SACU ) every bit shortly as possible. The SACU is made up of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland. The 5th unit of ammunition of negotiations over duty decreases and other barriers to merchandise Union representatives will go to New Delhi following month. India-SACU ( Southern African Customs Union ) Framework Agreement South Africa is the largest, most diverse and most sophisticated state in Africa with a Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) three times that of Nigeria or Egypt. South Africa ‘s economic substructure dominates Africa though it covers less than 4 % of the continent and accommodates less than 6 % of its population. South Africa provides more than half of the electricity end product of Africa, moves more tunnage through its ports, has more air conveyance installations than all the other states of Southern, Central and East Africa together. The figure of motor vehicles at about 5 million in that state is more than half of those in the remainder of Africa. South Africa has besides the advantage of a developed and systematic banking system. With a common usage duty policy, South Africa along with Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana and Namibia has formed the Southern African Customs Union ( SACU ) . Since most of the imported goods enter the sub-region through South African ports, a system of usage gross sharing is in topographic point. South Africa and India are members of the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation. South Africa is a member of the World Trade Organisation and has besides finalised a free trade and development understanding with European that provides for gradual liberalization of the two manner trade between South Africa and European Union. The degree of bilateral trade between India and South Africa is rather low at nowadays. South Africa is non a major export finish for India ; neither is the latter calculation in the list of chief merchandising spouses of South Africa. Less than one per cent of India ‘s exports go to South Africa. However, in the last few old ages bilateral trade has recorded a double-digit growing rate between the states. Following this meeting, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade ( IIFT ) was assigned to carry on a desktop survey for determining the feasibleness of come ining into a Discriminatory Trade Agreement ( PTA ) /Free Trade Agreement ( FTA ) between India and South Africa. The survey concluded that more than 50 % of India ‘s exports are subjected to a duty of less than 10 % in South Africa and merely 33 % are confronting a duty rate of more than 20 % . On the other manus, 55 % of imports from South Africa face high duties of more than 20 % in India. Merely 34 % of imports from South Africa are subjected to moo duty of 10 % and below. The leaden mean duties in India and South Africa are 22.89 % and 16.35 % severally. The survey concluded that even though the duty rates are more in India, the gross loss that would ensue from bilateral riddance of duty is greater in South Africa. The gross loss in South Africa is projected to be 1.4 times the gross loss in India. The survey besides suggested that as South Africa has a reasonably big import market, an Agreement with South Africa Prima facie is of importance because of its geographical location and rank of sub-regional trade understandings. Subsequently on, South Africa sought verification whether they can include other spouses of SACU for negociating a Comprehensive Trade Agreement. This suggestion was examined by Ministry of External Affairs in audience and the authorization was given to negociate with SACU as a group and non South Africa separately. FDI Scenario in South Africa Harmonizing to the 2012 World Investment Report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD ) , South Africa led the sub-region as foreign direct investing ( FDI ) inflows into sub-Saharan Africa jumped by 25 % in 2011. The study, released in Geneva, Switzerland on Thursday, shows that FDI inflows to sub-Saharan Africa soared from US $ 29.5-billion in 2010 to $ 36.9-billion in 2011, a degree comparable to the extremum of $ 37.3-billion achieved in 2008, prior to the oncoming of the planetary fiscal crisis. FDI to South Africa rebounded from $ 1.23-billion in 2010 to $ 5.81-billion, doing South Africa the second-biggest FDI finish on the continent in 2011 after Nigeria, which procured $ 8.92-billion in FDI. Oil, gas manufacturers still dominant Ghana ( $ 3.22-billion ) , Congo ( $ 2.93-billion ) , and Algeria ( $ 2.57-billion ) completed the top five African FDI finishs by Unctad ‘s calculation, underlining the laterality of oil- or gas-producing states – South Africa being the exclusive exclusion. Another important African oil manufacturer, Angola, besides received important investing influxs, harmonizing to Unctad, â€Å" but divestment and repatriated net incomes by multinational corporations rendered net influxs negative † . The one-year study found, Continuing addition in trade good monetary values and a comparatively positive economic mentality for sub-Saharan Africa were among the factors lending to the turnaround. For Africa as a whole, entire FDI influxs declined. However, this was due to a bead in FDI to North Africa, with influxs to traditional strong performing artists Egypt and Libya coming to a arrest as consequence of drawn-out political and societal instability in those states. Improved investor perceptual experiences Unctad said, Overall the continent ‘s FDI chances for 2012 were promising, â€Å" as strong economic growing, current economic reforms and high trade good monetary values have improved investor perceptual experiences of the continent. † South Africa ‘s FDI inflows for 2011 accounted for 13.6 % of Africa ‘s entire as per Unctad ‘s figures, while amounting to 31.8 % of the state ‘s gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) in 2011 – up from 9.9 % in 1995. Jorge Maia, research caput at South Africa ‘s Industrial Development Corporation, who presented Unctad ‘s study locally, said the state ‘s investing policy government was â€Å" rather broad compared to other states † â€Å" South Africa is non merely rich in natural resources, it besides has really good substructure comparative to its equals and really good proficient accomplishments, † Business Day reported Maia as stating. Leon Myburgh, sub-Saharan Africa strategian at Citigroup, told Business Day that Africa was executing good in most developed markets and some emerging markets besides. â€Å" Give its comparatively low rate of development, there are high chances for investing across the continent, either for new concern or substructure, † Myburgh told Business Day. â€Å" These are being exploited and will go on to be exploited in approaching old ages. ECONOMIC ENGINES Agribusiness Agribusiness is good organized though a really minor subscriber to the overall GDP. Large piece of lands of land, together with a long 1875 stat mi coastline, foster the production of a broad scope of Marine and agricultural merchandises. Africa has a double agricultural economic system catering to both commercial and subsistence based production. Maize, wheat, sugar cane, oats, and helianthuss are the state ‘s major agricultural merchandises. South Africa ‘s agricultural sector boasts some clear competitory advantages. First, the state ‘s turning season is reverse than that of Europe, offering complementary market chances. It besides has good developed cold concatenation installations and ports. A resource rich state, South Africa boasts an copiousness of mineral resources. In fact, the wealth of the state has been built on these resources. It holds about 90 % of the Pt metals on Earth, 80 % of the manganese, 73 % of the chrome, 45 % of the V and 41 % of the gold. The excavation industry is the biggest employer, with around 460,000 employees and another 400,000 employed by the providers of goods and services to the industry. Gold production Gold production, which one time formed the anchor of the economic system, has lost its lustre in recent old ages. In 2007, China displaced South Africa as the universe ‘s largest gold manufacturer. 95 % of South Africa ‘s gold mines are belowground operations, making deepnesss of over 3.8 kilometers. With worsening classs, increased deepness of excavation and excavation costs, and a slide in gilded monetary value in the 1990s, production fell. As one of the universe ‘s largest manufacturers of gold, South Africa is more susceptible to slouch in monetary value because its deep degree mines are the highest cost manufacturers in the universe. However, the sector should see a resurgence in the current twelvemonth, on the dorsum of lifting gold monetary values. However, South Africa ‘s excavation sector continues to be the top FDI receiver for the state. Vehicle production South Africa ‘s vehicle production is going a flourishing industry every bit good. It is the 2nd largest country in the fabrication sector and the fastest growth. Almost every planetary car major, has its operations based in South Africa. Other major industries Other major industries in South Africa are chemicals fabricating, metals processing and pharmaceuticals. South Africa hosts a figure of superior quality infirmaries and well-trained medical staff which has helped enticement investings into the pharmaceutical sector. The fertiliser industry besides looks assuring due to the state ‘s large-scale diversified agricultural sector. Expansion in the Information and Communications Technology and electronics industry has besides been phenomenal, with the mean growing of the state exceling the universe norm. Yet, all is non cheery in Eden. The fabric industry has taken a hit due to increasing competition from Chinese goods. The South Africans have responded with new advanced fabric merchandises contending back. The production of improved parachute cloth, technically knitted cloth used in bomb disposal, fire deceleration kits and specialised medical fabrics are doing their grade in niche markets. Servicess sector The services sector is the major subscriber to the GDP. It comprises of fiscal services, touristry, retail gross revenues and telecommunications. South Africa possesses a robust and mature fiscal services sector, which is comparable to the best in the universe. The state ‘s banking sector has a good representation of foreign Bankss and offers modern services like a countrywide web of ATMs and Internet banking services. Mzansi, South Africa ‘s advanced new low-priced banking strategy provides banking services to more than 3.3-million low-income earners – a huge and turning market antecedently untapped by the fiscal sector. Johannesburg Stock Exchange The Johannesburg Stock Exchange is the lone stock exchange in the state and the 16th largest in the universe with 400 listed companies. Keeping the differentiation as the fourth-largest emerging market finish for investings, the exchange mopped up $ 9.4 billion in 2005, up from $ 1.5 billion a decennary before. SOUTH AFRICA: A Market FOR Clothing FROM AFRICA A domestic industry in problem has meant a booming import tradeaˆÂ ¦ South Africa ‘s vesture sector has been in a province of convulsion and diminution for the last five old ages. The continued growing in imports ( peculiarly from lower-cost manufacturers such as China ) and the strengthening of the South African rand ( R ) against the United States dollar are the two factors blamed for the diminution in local production. However, if makers were honorable with themselves, they would see that the jobs run deeper than external issues. The industry is enduring from old ages of disregard in the countries of engineering and accomplishments. This has made the sector mostly uncompetitive. Whilst the Government is turn toing these issues through a Customised Sector Programme ( CSP ) and more late through the Textile and Clothing Industry Development Programme ( TCIDP ) , harmonizing to critics this steps are viewed as being excessively small excessively late and the sector is non expected to do any dramatic recovery in the short term. The inability of the local industry to fulfill demand for vesture from retail merchants offers an chance for developing state exporters to provide a broad scope of merchandises to the South African market. In 2009, vesture imports, excepting imports from Member States of the Southern African Customs Union ( SACU ) , amounted to US $ 966.6 million. If the figures from SACU are added to this, entire vesture imports in 2009 amounted to US $ 1.1 billion. Harmonizing to Comtrade informations, this would do South Africa the universe ‘s 25th largest importer of vesture. Over the period 2005 to 2009, vesture imports rose well by every bit much as 42 % . Whilst this addition reflects the diminution in the domestic fabrication sector, it besides indicates the perkiness of the market for consumer goods in South Africa. This perkiness is partially due to the go oning growing of a strong in-between category with entree to larger disposable incomes. The vesture points most in demandaˆÂ ¦ In 2009, Women ‘s and miss ‘s jackets, frocks, skirts, pants, trunkss non knitted ( HS 6204 ) , work forces ‘s and male childs ‘ jackets, pants, trunkss non knitted ( HS 6203 ) , knitted jerseies ( HS 6109 ) , knitted New Jerseies and cardigans ( HS 6110 ) , and woven work forces ‘s or male childs ‘ shirts ( HS 6205 ) accounted for 50 % of vesture imports. These are the classs with the highest demand. The merchandise classs that showed the highest growing ( albeit sometimes off a low base ) from 2005 to 2009 are work forces ‘s and male child ‘s greatcoats, parkas, air current deceivers and similar articles, knitted ) ; adult females ‘s and misss ‘ greatcoats, parkas, air current deceivers and similar articles ; knitted work forces ‘s and male childs ‘ vests and other waistcoats, underpants, Jockey shortss, pajama, and similar articles ; adult females ‘s hose ( which rose by every bit much as 165 % ) ; and ties, bow ties and cravats. These offer possible niche markets for competitory manufacturers. China and the remainder of Asia are the largest providers of imports by faraˆÂ ¦ At present, over 70 % of vesture imports in South Africa come from Asia, with China entirely lending 59 % of entire vesture imports in 2009. This reflects the nature of the South African market for dressing which is chiefly geared towards the price reduction terminal ; for this market buying determinations are based on monetary value. Botswana performed highly good in South Africa over the five old ages to 2009, spread outing its supplies by a monolithic 261 % to their current degree. The state now provides 14 % of South Africa ‘s vesture imports. India remains in 3rd place despite a diminution of 2 % in imports over the five-year period. Mauritius is the 4th largest provider and imports from this state have performed highly good, registering a 476 % addition over the period. However, there have been positive signals to exporters in Africa by cardinal alterations in the form of sourcing. In 2005, China accounted for 70 % of all vesture imports ; Asia itself accounted for over 80 % of entire imports. Local retail merchants and importers were forced to diversity their provider base due to infliction of quotas on selected vesture imports from China for a period of two old ages from January 2007. There are niche markets for African exporters to exploreaˆÂ ¦ South Africa has a market for large-size vesture that companies in Asia by and large do non hold the capacity to provide. A vesture company with the ability to serve this market section could happen good chances. It besides has a market for companies that are able to work with little minimal orders. Companies of Asia frequently work with minimal order sizes that are far larger than the volumes little and average sized operators in South Africa are able to put. The market for â€Å" green † cloths is turning strongly. Good chances are at that place for companies bring forthing garments from organic cotton or bamboo fiber in South Africa. In add-on, there are the markets for particular goods which the South African vesture industry does non hold the capacity to bring forth. These include points like cushioned jackets, insouciant woven tops and undersides with embellishment-generally anything that requires sophisticated lavation and coating. All these merchandises are imported. The market for babe wear and kids ‘s wear, for which there is limited local fabrication capacity, is besides mature for the picking. Targeting retail merchants straight is the best attack to the marketaˆÂ ¦ Approaching the market of South African can sometimes be hard. Retailers, importers and agents tend to purchase from tested and sure beginnings, doing entry into the market a challenge for new providers. A direct attack to retail merchants is frequently the most effectual manner of capturing their attending. It would be wise for companies with strong design abilities to aim retail merchants in their selling runs as a manner of doing their companies known. South Africa offers a platform for making retail merchants through International Apparel, Textile, Footwear and Machinery Fair, held yearly in Cape Town. All the big purchasers and agents gather the carnival. A figure of states choose to put up state marquees at this just. Such marquees work good as they non merely market specific companies but the capablenesss of the single state as a whole. Fashionability is keyaˆÂ ¦ The retail sector of South African follows the European market really closely and purchasers will look foremost and first at the fashionability of the merchandise lines proposed by new providers before inquiring inquiries on volumes, bringing and monetary value. Hence Samples or snap presented to retail merchants ever need to be in the latest manners. But attachment to labeling ordinances is besides importantaˆÂ ¦ South Africa has stringent labeling demands. All imported vesture must transport labels with the undermentioned information: state of beginning, attention instructions, fiber content. Press has late criticized companies that do non use labeling demands strictly. As a consequence, the governments are now clamping down on vesture bearing labels that fail to run into demands. How to cite The South Africa Overview Economics Essay, Essay examples

Slavery Essay Paper Example For Students

Slavery Essay Paper 1. Africans were kidnapped and taken aboard ships to be transported to various places. From reading Equianos memoir I gathered that the slaves were terrified. They had never seen whites before, nor did they speak the language of their captors, so they had no idea of their destiny. Equiano tells us the harsh conditions aboard the ship. The slaves were shackled together. Equiano almost makes the reader hear the clanking of the chains and the gasps for clean air. The ships were grossly over crowded and the heat of the ship was almost unbearable. Many were sick and undoubtedly terrified of what was to happen next. When they arrived to their destination the slaves were auctioned off as if they were cattle. Mothers were separated from their children, husbands from their wives and sisters and brothers were all ripped apart from one another. 2. When Equiano is first taken aboard the ship he is terrified because he had never seen white men before and believed that he was taken into a world of bad spirits. That shows how different their culture and belief system was. He was convinced that the whites were going to eat him. Equiano was unfamiliar with horses and buildings with stories. He mentions several times about their long hair, so that must not have been a normalcy in his culture; as with the horses and different building structures. 1. Nelson found many diseases such as smallpox, but the majority of the slaves were infected with purulent opthalmia. This disease made their eyelids to swell and produce a discharge that they could not even wipe away for the chains. Due to the many diseases and harsh living conditions many of the slaves died during the voyage-and were just tossed over board when they did. In this memoir Nelson says that 460 slaves left Brazil and 348 survived the passing. In another account 572 Africans were counted and although the exact number of Africans that were on the ship to begin with was not recorded, he believed that over 700 were on board in the beginning. 2. Nelsons description of the conditions aboard the slave ship was much more harsh that Equianos personal memoir. He told of the disease, the loathsome smell, shortage of food, and the desperation the slaves showed for water. Nelson tells of the horrid living conditions, the lack of space and the odors. His description of the poor slave s swatting in corners and the misery that was amongst them makes the reader almost sick it is so vivid. Equiano tells of the harsh living conditions and how terrified he was, but Nelson showed the true cruelty of what the people did and put slaves through. Bibliography:

Individualism in Romantic Literature

Introduction Individualism has been the center of debates among researchers and literature analysts. The world is mainly divided into individualists and collectivists.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Individualism in Romantic Literature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the countries that promote collectivistic cultures include Korea, Taiwan and Egypt, among others. On the other hand, those that promote individualistic cultures include most western cultures such as Italy, France and England, among others. The latter groups of countries (western) usually attribute individualism to reasoning. They claim that it is an individual that reasons. However, the other groups that promote collectivism credit it with collective responsibility. Individualism refers to one’s emphasis on self or individual person. It is quite important to note that a group of people can rarely reason as required. In fact, this is what has encouraged individualism in western cultures. This paper will explore Ralph Waldo’s essay on self reliance. It will also endeavor to establish the characteristics of individualism in the essays as well as its significance (Western Culture Global 1). Self Reliance by Ralph Waldo Waldo’s essay on Self reliance was written in the early 1830s and published first in 1841. The main theme in self reliance was on â€Å"trust thyself† as he tried to encourage people to believe in themselves without fear of societal disapproval. He starts his essay with emphasis on defining â€Å"Genius†. He claims that intelligent people usually realize how envy is ignorance and professes self trust. He goes on to say that to heed to Gods call is to put one’s thought into use, since God has made each and everyone unique. He discusses societal disapproval as well as foolish consistency as the main obstacles to self reliance and trust in one’s self. He believe s that society’s emphasis on conformity destroys people’s ability to be innovative and genius. The other factor he emphasizes is self-worth, in which he encourages individuals’ responsibility and right to think for themselves (Buell 64). Characteristics of Individualism There are several characteristics of individualists as conveyed by Waldo in his essay â€Å"self reliance†. These include the â€Å"I† identity, which according to him helps one to believe in his unique gifts from God. He also encourages people to think for themselves and trust in their deeds without considering societal disapproval. In this regards, he tries to define genius as a characteristic of individualism and believing in one’s thoughts. Waldo goes on to encourage self-worth as it gives people the confidence, responsibility and right to think for themselves without regard to societal disapprovals and conformity, among others. Other characteristics emphasized by Waldo i nclude shunning societal disapprovals as well as foolish consistency (Western Culture Global 1).Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Significance of individualism Individualism as portrayed by Waldo in his essay on self reliance seeks to make geniuses and individualists who can think for themselves without involving influence from the society. Societies seek to ensure people conform to similar values and actions. In addition they emphasize the need to be consistent with these values. This is foolish consistency, according to Waldo, and he therefore encourages individuals to trust in themselves as they are uniquely created (eNotes.com, Inc. 1) Conclusion Ralph Waldo’s essay on self reliance was written as early as 1930s but was first published in 1941. He encourages people to think for themselves and trust in their deeds without considering societal disapproval or other obstacles such as foolish consistency which the society emphasizes. The author advocates for self reliance as an initial stage of development and not the goal. He also states that self reliance is not anti-community. In essence, he encourages individuals to believe in their potentials and put efforts to achieve them without distractions (Richardson 99). Works Cited Buell, Lawrence. â€Å"Emerson†. Cambridge. Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2003: 64 eNotes.com, Inc. â€Å"Self-Reliance Study Guide†. eNotes.com.14.07.2011.14.07.2011. https://www.enotes.com/topics/self-reliance Richardson, Robert. â€Å"Emerson: The Mind on Fire†. Berkeley. California: University of California Press.1995: 99. Western Culture Global. â€Å"Individualism†. Western Culture Knowledge Center.26.01.2010.14.07.2011. https://westerncultureglobal.org/Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Individualism in Romantic Literature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Individualism in Romantic Literature was written and submitted by user Ramon Hopper to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Argumentative Essay Sample on Banning Pit Bulls

Argumentative Essay Sample on Banning Pit Bulls There are indeed many reasons why pit bulls should be banned and among these is the vicious nature of pit bulls. As much as there are those individuals who may argue that pit bulls are loving pets that only suffer negative publicity from the media, the facts on the ground speak a different story. Many individuals from different parts of the US have reported their pets being mauled to death by pit bulls and such cases just go to demonstrate the vicious nature of these animals. It is true that pit bulls tend to be very loyal and loving to their owners, but it is also true that these animals have powerful instincts that drive them to attack other dogs and even human beings. Not only are pets viciously attacked by pit bulls on a daily basis, but also human beings are also often attacked by pit bulls. This is especially true when people end up in territories that pit bulls believe are theirs. Unlike many other dogs species that may let go of a victim, a pit bull rarely lets go of its vict im and its powerful grip often results in a fatality. Another reason why pit bulls should be banned is because the owners of these dogs rarely accept accountability for their pets’ actions, instead choosing to blame attacks on the animal’s natural instincts. It is only natural that if an animal attacks, bites or even kills, the owner should be looked for so the owner can be accountable for not controlling their animal. While the owners of other pets in most cases accept accountability for their pets’ actions, the owners of pit bulls are often vicious defenders of their animals and tend to blame the individual for the actions of their pit bulls. The high statistics of pit bull attacks are scary enough to warrant a ban of these animals. In the US, pit bulls account for approximately 5 percent of the total dog population. However, of the approximately 100 dog bite fatalities reported, close to 55 are attributed to pit bulls. Breaking down these statistics illustrates that a US citizen dies every three weeks due to a pit bull attack. Continuing to legalize these animals can therefore be taken to imply that more importance is being placed on the lives of these dogs more than on the lives of human beings. As much as there are those who may argue that it is not only pit bulls that bite and that all dogs have the potential to bite, the fact that pit bulls are more likely to bite than other dogs cannot be simply ignored. The high likelihood of these dogs biting and injuring individuals and other dogs can be traced to the fact that these dogs tend to be more aggressive and irritable, compared to other kinds of dogs. These dogs are not only dangerous to outsiders but can also harm their owners or even members of the owners’ families. Tips on Writing an Argumentative Essays: Avoid sentiments in your essay, use more factual information. Use only real evidence that can be proven. Draft your essay before writing it on a clean piece of paper.

Analysis of the Process Description of the Property Assignment

Analysis of the Process Description of the Property - Assignment Example   Demand for inspection is required to comply with Form 24 of the Appendix to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (Federal Rules of Civil Procedure) A motion is an application to a court for relief, guidance, protection or assistance and can be made either orally or in writing at any time during a trial. However, if a motion is an originating process it must be made in writing. By its very definition and nature, a motion contains four relevant parts despite the fact that there is no real statutory provision mandating these four requisite parts. (Blanchard, p. 463) The most obvious part of the motion begins with a statement of the relief or assistance and the actual order the party moving the courts wishes to obtain by way of the motion. This part of the motion should be followed by a statement of the legal authority for which the application by way of motion can be made. The legal authority is typically contained in the Rules of Civil Procedure. For example, the applicant can make a motion to dismiss on the grounds that the complainant fails properly state a claim contrary to Rule 12 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (Blanchard, p. 464) The third part of the motion will usually state the grounds upon which the applicant is moving the court as well as the court’s authority to entertain the motion. The grounds relied upon are no more than the reasons for making the application and the court’s authority to grant the relief based upon the reasons stated. The fourth and final part of the motion will provide the court with the e vidence giving rise to the grounds for the motion. This evidence will consist of relevant affidavits and exhibits. (Blanchard, p. 463)   

Impact of the French Revolution on Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impact of the French Revolution on Women - Essay Example Demographically, mortality rate was higher than the fertility rate which was a result of the agricultural production that was at high demand but low on manufacturing. Economically, the French Revolution started the organization process of the production and distribution of goods to improve on the efficiency of business activities. In the area of agriculture, this was a time where a lot of people had to leave their lands mandatorily to provide more labor opportunities that would encourage urban industrialization. Industrially, new machinery and the making of new roads were introduced to make transportation easier and faster. Lastly, ideological revolution took place as total freedom of thought, speech, and at the same time reliance on scientific method were embraced to improve education that was believed to be the key to a successful society (History 1C: The French Revolution and Women's Rights, n.d.). With the French Revolution being summed up into a list of ideals and movements that would seek to improve society as a whole, it was able to solve the inequality that existed between men and women. Before, the French embraced the mindset that women’s primary role would be to support and nurture their families while intellectual and political matters belonged to the authority of men. However, the French Revolution became the bridge that started empowering women’s natural and moral rights. Because of Mary Wollenstonecraft, who challenged French leaders to rethink the unequal educational opportunities for men and women where the latter were only allowed to get access to them in the confines of their own homes that limit learning, women are now able to enjoy freedom in education (Women and the Revolution, n.d.). She was able to convince the French leaders to believe in women’s capacity at par with that of men’s by asking them to prove first that women lack reason as compared to men. Another impact of the French Revolution on women would be earning them to be seen as fit as men to be involved in juridical proceedings. Women started being able to voice out what they think and feel in as simple as forming groups to protest against the high bread prices or the shortage of food (Women and the French Revolution, n.d.). A perfect example of which would be the case of Marie-Rose Barre, a twenty year old lace worker who was one of the hundred women who went to Versailles to ask for bread from the king because there was a limited resource of food made available to them. Though there were guards who watch the palace, they allowed the women to express their distress directly to the king which only the men were able to do before the French Revolution. Also, in this occasion, these women were also able to voice out what they think would be able to solve this worsening situation when they suggested that the king would arrange companions during flour transports in Paris to speed up the process and make sure the delivery intended for Paris are exactly provided as only a few wagons make it to the delivery at the bridge of Sevres (Levy, D.G., Applewhite, H.B., & Johnson, M.D., 1979). This single incident led to the opportunity of examining the relations between men and women. Men, who were seen as higher or of more value than women were now being seen to have certain attributes that are considered as their strength yet at the same time recognizes some of their weak points in which women are strong at. One of which would be in dealing with management of the house. However, the French Revolution did not only earn women’s rights to form groups and perpetrate a riot to fight for their grievances but they started to be seen as significant in political undertakings. A concrete example where the relations bet

Finance Markets and Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance Markets and Risk - Essay Example The intention of this study is systemic risk that is ushered by unforeseen incidents that amplify uncertainty unimaginably and damage the liquidity of the market at a rapid phase. Illiquidity results in â€Å"prices gaps† in respective markets and in the pricing of a particular asset. The related pressure later extends to the liquidity of funding of financial institutions around the world that are assisting those independent markets. Illiquidity in markets sequentially can result in potentially momentous real economic impacts, thus warrant policy action, particularly by central banks. As per IMF (International Monetary Fund), BIS (Bank for International Settlements) and FSB (Financial Standard Board), systemic financial risk is one, which is associated with the peril of risk of disruption to financial services that (a) is happened by a destruction of whole or parts of the financial system and has the probable to have the worst negative outcome for real economy. During Septembe r 2008, AIG borrowed from the Federal Reserve System an $85 billion two-year loan that too at a penalty rate, which has been termed as ever known the rescue of one of the globe’s major insurers. In return for the rescue operation, Fed received a 79.9% of shares in the AIG. At the time, the investment banking arm of AIG witnessed a systemic risk emanating from its credit default swap (CDS) business. The failure of one firm may not impact its rivals as is happening in the most sectors of the economy nor does it result in market failures. However, in the financial sector, there is an impending peril that the breakdown of any major financial market or institution may result in the adverse impacts on the whole financial system more likely. In several associated channels, such systemic risk can be in operation, if there is a mishap in a specific financial institution. All the depositors of a bank will be in panic and will rush to get back their deposits when the depositors lose the ir trust, if a typical bank run occurs. The banking system of a nation as a whole may be in jeopardy if rumour spreads about the fate of the remaining banks of a nation. The bank runs vulnerability can be a reality typically as there will be a maturity mismatch between their assets and liabilities. The banking system might have invested in long-term debts like loans to households and businesses, whereas they might have accepted deposits from their customer on the demand basis. Even a healthy bank may have chance to witness a bank run despite the fact that its assets would have more value than its liabilities, but a credit crunch may occur if there is premature withdrawal of deposits suddenly by bank customers. Thus, even a solvent bank can witness a liquidity crunch, despite the fact that the liquidity issues may mirror concerns about bank’s solvency. However, there are some risk-aversion strategies, which are in place like lender-of-last-resort facilities and deposit insuran ce, which make the possibility of bank run as a mirage. Short-term deposits are available from one bank to another bank through interbank transactions, and this occupies sizeable quantum of their business transactions. However, at times of liquidity crunch, associations between banks may witness jolts to proliferate through the system. For instance, Barclays bank has provided short-term credit to ANZ bank, then, concerns of default by ANZ bank might jeopardise to the stability of Barclays bank. Such similitude vulnerabilities are regarded to be one of the main causes why the alarm can spread between banks in such scenarios. In such situations, inter-banking lending will come to a halt due to

Self Reflection | Learning And Performance

Self Reflection | Learning And Performance Self-reflection is the self-analysis of knowing oneself. This section describes the self-reflection of the researcher on own learning and performance. It facilitates the researcher to analyse his progress by considering the changes in his strengths and weaknesses. It analyses diverse learning styles theories put forward by various experts and examines the learning style of the researcher during the International Master in Business Administration course. It also describes about the various skills that were gained throughout this course. The various skills include communications skills, report writing skills, presentation skills, research skills and team player skills. Background of the researcher: The researcher completed his Bachelors degree in Information Technology from Madras University, India. IT skills were learned during this period. After completion of the degree, he worked in three companies before coming to Dublin Business School for International MBA. The first two companies that the researcher worked were IT based companies and therefore, the theoretical skills learned during the bachelors degree were transformed to practical skills during the term. The first six months in a job is the time when a new person in the job finds it difficult to get used to the job. The researcher went through this phase and the transformation was not easy. With the help of senior staff in the company, things went smooth. In the first company, the researcher got the opportunity to talk to customers all around the world through telephone, which enhanced his communication skills. He also got the opportunity train new people, which developed the presentation skills. In the second company, the researcher supported the customers through email and chat. This helped to develop the writing skills of the researcher. With more experience, the researcher was given the role of a team leader in the second company he worked. This enabled him to gain leadership skills. The third company that the researcher worked was his own family business. It was very different from the information technology companies that he worked before as this had real world experience. The researcher got a practical insight to the real problems faced by a company that did manufacturing and retailing of steel products. With the IT skills gained from previous years, he computerised the company using management information systems (MIS). This made all the process in that company faster. After gaining some experience, the researcher set plans to learn more about business and chose to get a masters degree in business administration. This is why he chose International MBA course in Dublin Business School, Irel and. Through the MBA International programme in Dublin Business School, the researcher was able to develop the research skills, time management skills, self-learning ability and other skills. There were group works involved in the first semester of the course when helped the researcher to improve team player skills, presentation skills and communication skills. In the second semester of the course, the assignments and examinations helped the researcher to gain self-learning and time management skills. Writing the dissertation proposal in the second semester gave an insight about doing the research. Research and writing skills were improved during this period. All the work had to be completed in certain amount of time, which developed the time management skills of the researcher. These skills have been utilised now, when the researcher is doing the dissertation. The reflections of this learning process can be related to Kolbs learning cycle because of the scope of learning something new is always there. Another method of learning has also been used for the review that was proposed by Honey and Mumford. Learning Reflection and Style: Kolbs learning reflection: According to Kolb (1984), learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Knowledge results from the combination of grasping experience and transforming it. He described four stages in a learning cycle and viewed it as a circular process which involves the four stages which are Concrete experience Active Experimentation Abstract conceptualisation Reflective observation According to Kolbs model, the experience lays the foundation for observation and reflection, which are incorporated and condensed into concepts. These concepts are then tested to get a new experience. The cycle of activities such as experiencing, reflecting, thinking and acting occur in the learning process. There are four types of learning methods as shown in the figure below: Source: http://www.businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm Diverger: This is the combination of concrete experimentation and reflective observation. They look at things from various perspectives but prefer to watch things than doing things. They also tend to gather information and use imagination to solve problems. Assimilator: This is a combination of abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation. These people can solve the problems and will use their learning to find solutions to practical issues. They are less focused on people and are focused on ideas and abstract concepts. Converger: This is a combination of abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation. They can solve problems and will use their learning to find solutions to practical issues. They prefer technical tasks and are less concerned with people and interpersonal aspects. Accommodator: This is the combination of concrete experimentation and active experimentation. They have the hands-on technique of solving problems. They rely on intuition rather than logic. They use others analysis and use a practical, experiential approach. During the International MBA course, the researcher used various learning styles in different situations. Assessing the researchers learning style according to the researcher has an accommodator style of learning. The researcher uses more trial and error method to solve the problems. This is a more practical approach to solve the problems even though it could be time consuming. The researcher feels that the proving things practically is better than talking the about the theoretical side of it. This enables the researcher to adapt to changes quickly to changing circumstances and allows making concrete decisions. Honey and Mumford Learning Style: Source: adapted from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/experience.htm) Honey and Mumford (2000), mentions that, the term learning style is used as a description of the attitudes and behaviours that determine an individuals preferred way of learning. According to them, there differnt of learning styles and categorise individuals into four types as shown in the figure above. Activists Reflectors Theorists Pragmatists Activists: They completely involve themselves into a new experience without any previous experience. They have the attitude of trying everything once. They act first and worry about the consequence later. (Honey and Mumford, 2000) Reflectors: They are very cautious and thoughtful people who like to consider all possible angles and implications before making a move. They like to stand back and evaluate the previous experiences before they commit something. (Honey and Mumford, 2000) Theorists: If it is logical, then its good is the main philosophy that is associated with theorists. They integrate observations into complex but logically sound theories. They think about solving a problem in logical, step-by-step manner. (Honey and Mumford, 2000) Pragmatists: They always positively search out for new ideas and take the first opportunity to experiment with its applications. They are always keen to see if the theory will work out practically. They are always associated with people taking practical decisions and solving problems. (Honey and Mumford, 2000) (Honey and Mumford, 2000, pp 11, 12) The researcher has more pragmatist style of learning. This is useful for the researcher in making quick decisions. The researcher likes to experiment a lot and get bored with long time activities. This is why for this research; the researcher tries to practically prove the things that have been mentioned in the theory. The MBA International program has helped the researcher to experiment the new ideas practically. Key Skills Learned from MBA International: The international MBA programme provided by the Dublin Business School helped the researcher to develop numerous amounts of skills through rigorous academic activities. Various activities included assignments, presentations, group work, exams and finally the dissertation. The skills that have been developed through the program can be divided into two. The first one is academic skills and the second one is personal skills. Academic Skills: The key academic skills that were learned were Research skills, Presentation skills, and Team player skills. Research Skills: Research and investigation skills are very important in terms of academic studies. It is the way one carry out the research about a particular subject. In this case, the researcher carried out different studies especially when doing the dissertation. Researcher understood about the different methods to be followed when doing a research. It was not as an easy task as the researcher had to consult the books, journals and magazines in order to find out the relevant information on the topic. Researcher also understood the importance of critical analysis, what different authors say about the same topic. Presentation Skills: The researcher developed this skill during the class time. The researcher had to give presentations for most of the modules which he did during the semester. Even though, there was trouble in the beginning because of the stage fear, things improved after some time. This gave him the real confidence to stand in front of a group of people without any fear. This would be very useful in future in a professional field. Team player skills: A few modules like International business management and integrated marketing communications had group work involved. This meant that the work would be equally divided among the team members and each had to do their own part. There were team members who would not cooperate for meetings or discussions. However, the researcher found his own ways to overcome this and ensured that the teamwork was done in the end. This would be helpful in future in a professional field as all the work these days are team based. Personal Skills: The key personal skills that were learned were communication skills, time management skills. Communication Skills: A cultural shock is customary for someone who has crossed the globe to study in a foreign country, which was the same for the researcher. The researcher found the communication slightly difficult in the beginning but later improved. The interaction with the international students in the class improved the communication skills of the researcher. The interaction with the lecturers and other staff in the college helped improve the communication skill by a great deal. Time management skills: Time management skills are very important for a person. During the MBA course and through the dissertation, the researcher had to set goals to be achieved in a specific time frame. The researcher had to meet the deadlines for various assignments, which he did successfully. This helped to improve time management skills by a great deal. Future application of the learning skills: The International MBA course has helped the researcher in developing many skills that lacking before. The hard skills of finance, marketing and operations and the soft skills such as communication, leadership and teamwork will be useful for the future. The research skills that were developed during the research will certainly help in the future to choose appropriate techniques and methods. With the help of presentation skills, the researcher will be able to convince people easily. The team player skills will enable him to work as part of a team without any problems. The improved communication skills will with an international exposure will give him the benefit when meeting other people. The time management will skills will help him to do things on time. The MBA program as a whole has contributed a fair deal in improving academic and behavioural competencies. The skills acquired throughout the MBA course will definitely help the researcher in career advancement.

AIDS, Prison, and Preventative Medicine: :: HIV Jail Violence Rape Papers

AIDS, Prison, and Preventative Medicine The word "prison" conjures up thoughts of a dark and deviant subculture, living in a chaotic and destructive environment out of the sight and mind of mainstream America. Hollywood has skewed our views of prisoners, painting them as a seemingly irreparable subclass of humans that are only further downgraded and downtrodden by prison lives filled with violence and rape. Certainly the life of a prisoner is tough, and violence is inevitably present in prison systems where gangs frequently play a prominent role in social organization (Conover 2000). However, misconceptions regarding prisons are numerous, and such misconceptions play an important role in how the AIDS problem in prisons is viewed. For example, one of the most vivid, if not widespread misconceptions surrounding prisons are the stories of forced sexual activity and gang rapes—a view likely to lead an outsider to suspect that little can be done to prevent transmission of HIV among prisoners. In reality, this aspect of prison has been overdramatized and overemphasized, perhaps as a deliberate effort to amplify the purported deterring effect that the threat of a prison sentence has on crime. In fact, Ted Conover reports in his first-hand account of the infamous Sing-Sing, one of New York's most troubled maximum security prisons, that while "prison rape still occurs in New York and elsewhere," by far the most common type of prison sex, "after the autoerotic, is certainly consensual." He goes on to say, "I would even guess that, at least at Sing, sex between officers and inmates is presently more common than forcible sex between inmates" (Conover 2000). Such an example is a prime reason why prison officials, p oliticians and the general public alike need to focus not on the stereotypes of prison behavior, official codes of conduct, and expected or even legal behaviors, but rather what is actually occurring behind prison walls—illegal or legal, for better or for worse. If rape isn't as widespread in prisons as the average moviegoer might be willing to believe—at the very least, it certainly isn't an everyday occurrence—and prisoners are not allowed to have sex or use drugs, then can one expect to see lower incidences of AIDS in prisons? NO! As Conover's statement indicates, much of what goes on in prison isn't "supposed" to take place. Prisoners have sex with each other—most often consensually, but in some instances forcibly—and even with guards; they take drugs, both injecting and non-injecting; they get tattoos; they participate in fights that often involve the shedding of blood.